Drone Pilot Certification: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 18:02, 18 June 2023

To fly a drone commercially, and to get approvals for non-standard flights, you must operate under Part 107 rules (ie you must have that certification).

To fly a drone that weighs more than 0.55lb, you must register it with the FAA. The FAA requires that the drone broadcast a Remote ID. You must include that when registering your drone, unless you register it as recreational.

NOTE It may be that a ham radio license is required for DIY FPV drone flying.

Certification steps

Register at https://iacra.faa.gov/IACRA/Default.aspx to get a Federal Tracking Number
Sign up as a 107 pilot
Sign up for a "Unmanned Aircraft General – Small (UAG)" certification test at a testing facility

Test 107

Sign up for the test here. NOTE I used pic@thedigitalmachine.com to sign up!

Select test: Unmanned Aircraft General - Small (UAG)

CODE TEST NAME: UAG Unmanned Aircraft General
NUMBER OF QUESTIONS 60
AGE 14
ALLOTTED TIME 2hrs
PASSING SCORE 70

Test is on Tuesday 2023/06/20 at 6pm

               PSI Examination Services-Raleigh 844-704-1487
               5711 Six Forks Rd Suite 208 Raleigh , NC 27609
               Tuesday, June 20, 2023
               6:00 PM - 8:30 PM

Allowed Materials

All models of aviation-oriented calculators may be used, including small electronic calculators that perform only arithmetic functions (add, subtract, multiply, and divide). Simple programmable memories (which allow addition to, subtraction from, or retrieval of one number from the memory) are permissible. Also, simple functions, such as square root and percent keys, are permissible. Applicants may use scales, straightedges, protractors, plotters, navigation computers, blank logsheets, holding pattern entry aids, and electronic or mechanical calculators that are directly related to the test. For more detailed information, please consult guide.

Prohibited Materials

Applicants for airman knowledge tests may not take any written materials (either handwritten, printed, or electronic) other than the supplement book provided by the proctor into the testing area. The use of magnetic cards, magnetic tapes, modules, computer chips, or any other device upon which prewritten programs or information related to the test can be stored and retrieved is prohibited. Applicants are not allowed to bring personal writing utensils into the testing room; any required writing utensils will be provided by the proctor and collected at the conclusion of the test.

Recurrent Education

If you have a Remote Pilot Certificate, you are required to have completed one of the following online training courses within the previous 24 calendar months to operate UAS under part 107:

Anyone who holds a part 107 remote pilot certificate (regardless of aeronautical knowledge recency):

   Complete the Part 107 Small UAS Recurrent (ALC-677) online training course (no cost)

Part 107 remote pilots who are also certificated with a current flight review under part 61:

   Complete the Part 107 Small UAS Recurrent (ALC-515) online training course (no cost)

You can read the Remote Pilot –Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Airman Certification Standards (PDF).

Test 107 resources

FAA practice test

https://faa.psiexams.com/faa/login

Practice Exams > (bottom of list) Unmanned Aircraft General - Small (UAG) > Select

Gruelling 45 questions that will take over an hour, very educational to understand what the hell to study... you might want to grade yourself as you go, they will email the results at the end but it is a bit flaky.

Also see Recurrent Ed for the sample test available there.

More resources, so so many more...

Study Guide
THE REQUIRED SUPPLEMENT with figures referenced by the practice (and actual??) test - it is huge! Do they give you this during the test?
Pilot's handbook of aeronautical knowledge
Aeronautical Info Manual
Lawyer's Free Study Guide
- study Areas I, II, and V from the ACS since both of those areas will make up the majority of the test
- (^ that led me to a set of UAG test sample questions, it's all so scattered!)
FAA courses (why are these not more easily discoverable?)

AND LOTS MORE! Hard to navigate!

Test 107 Q&A

Latitude and Longitude

Measurement from 0-360 degrees, 0-60 minutes, 0-60 seconds.

Latitude: 0 degrees at equator to +90 degrees N at north polar cap and -90 degrees S at south polar cap. US is between

Longitude: 0 degrees at Greenwich, England to +180 degrees E / -180 degrees W.

AGL vs MSL

Mean Sea Level (MSL) is absolute height above standard sea level. Most common. Used to calculate atmospheric pressure, eg.

Above Ground Level (AGL) is the distance from ground to height.

https://www.dronepilotgroundschool.com/kb/what-is-the-difference-between-agl-and-msl/

What is a temperature inversion?

Stable air masses of cooler air trapped by warmer air above it.

Causes clear skies, calm wind, dew/fog, horizontal smoke patterns,

https://www.weather.gov/media/lzk/inversion101.pdf

What is high density altitude?

On a hot, muggy day, the air becomes "thinner" or less dense, and its density at a pilot's location is equivalent to a higher altitude in the standard atmosphere. Thus the term "high density altitude."

Reduced power, thrust, lift, less responsive aircraft.

https://www.weather.gov/zse/HighDensityAltitude

What is a moist unstable air mass?

An unstable air mass is characterized by warm moist air near the surface and cold dry air aloft.

https://glenallenweather.com/alink/20thunder/ingredientsthunderstorms.pdf

Lat/Long question

What airport is at 47 40 N 101 26 W?

This is fucked up bc "Shemchenko" is under that point, but the closest AIRPORT (big purple gray circle) is Garrison Airport.

Airspace ceilings and floors

What is the floor of the Savannah Class C airspace at the shelf area (outer circle)? 1300 feet AGL | 1300 feet MSL | 1700 feet MSL

This video is gold. God damn it is the PURPLE NUMERATOR/DENOMINATOR NUMBER on the chart, ALWAYS IN MSL unless it is in (PARENTHESES) then it is AGL:

41
--
13

Practice test notes on easier questions...

questions:
what does the line of latitude at area 4 measure? (n/s of equator)
Refer to FAA-CT-8080-2H, Figure 59, area 2,
the chart shows a gray line with "VR1667, VR1617, and.." Could this present a hazard to UA?
no, operations will be above 400' | yes this is a mil. training route from surf to 1500 feet AGL | yes th\
e route provides traffic separation to manned aircraft
According to 14 CFR part 107, remote pilot in command (PIC) in Class C airspace..
must use visual observer | is required to file flight plan | req ATC auth
How do you find if Devil's Lake West MOA is active?
refer to chart legend | avail in Small UAS db | refer to mil. ops. directory
Refer to FAA-CT-8080-2H, figure 20, area 5; how would a PIC "CHECK NOTAMS"
as noted in CAUTION box regarding the unmarked balloon?
UA center of gravity limits, see specs in...
UAS flight manual | Aeronautical Info Manual (AIM) | Aircraft Weight/Bal handbook
When op'ing a fixed-wing UAS, PIC shd note that load factor on wings may increase...
the CG is shifted rearward to the aft CG limit | non-straight-level flight | gross weight reduced
Stall when smooth airflow over wing of fixed UAS is disrupted and lift degens. Cause:
exceed max speed | exceed weight | exceed critical angle of attack
Refer to figure 2; for fixed UAS of 33lbs, what weight req of structure during 30 degree banked turn while mai\
ntaining altitude?
34 | 47 | 38
What is true regarding presence of alcohol in human body?
vision boost | water helps | judgement affected DOH
Who is responsible for briefing participants about emerg. procedures?
the remote PIC
To avoid collision with manned aircraft you went to > 600' AGL. Report to...
Air traffic control | National Transp safetyboard | Upon request of FAA
Fig 26 area 2: Cooperstown CTAF announce midfield left downwind to RWY 13.
east of runway | south | west
Small UA sched. maint.
-> when manuf. doesnt provide | UAS not needed | when FAA requires, after accident
14 CFR part 107 says responsibility to inspect UAS for safety rests with
PIC
To prevent final "link" in accident chain, methodology =
-> Crew Resource Mgmt | Safety Mgmt System | Risk Mgmt
Crew Resource Mgmt (CRM) adapted for UA, integrated into all phases
Bad Attitude = impusivity, machismo, invulnerability
Fig 22 area 2: at Coeur D'Alene, which freq for CTAF to monitor traffic?
122.05 MHz | 135.075 | 122.8
Fig 26 area 4 what auth for 46.9N 98.6W near Jamestown Regional JMS?
mil | -> ATC | Natl Park Serv
Fig 20 area 3 with ATC auth, at 4 SM southeast of ECG, what hazard?
mil ops| unmarked balloon on a cable up to 3008 ft AGL | 3008 ft MSL
Most compr. airport info is from
Chart Supplements US | Notices to Aire Missions NOTAMS | Terminal Area Chart (TAC)
who resp. for determining perf. of UAS
PIC
when must register with FAA?
all > .55lbs
must be 13 to register
after sunset: need anti-collision lights?
1800wxbrief.com says low-level temp inversion w high rel. humidity
smooth air, poor viz | light wind shear, light rain | turbulent air, poor viz, fog... WTF!
what effect does high density altitude have on efficiency of UA propeller?
eff is incr. | eff. is decreased | density alt. does not affect prop eff.
moist unstable air mass =
stable air =
figure 12: wind direction and velocity at KJFK is
180deg true at 4 knots | ... magnetic ... | 040deg true at 18 knots
fig 12 conditions at Midway KMDW? Sky 700 feet overcast, vis 1-1/2sm, rain
when can sUAS PIC reduce lights? when in interest of safety (???) | at no time
sUAS pilot used bright light: takes 30 min to adjust to darkness
if standard remote id fails: land as soon as practical
where must serial number be listed when using standard remote id or a broadcast module?
Doc of compliance | mfr's method of compliance | Certificate of Aircraft Registration
for Category 1 operations, PIC must weigh: < 0.55lbs
which Cat must have airworthyness certificate from FAA? -> 4 | 3 | 2

Background

https://hamradioprep.com/fpv-drones-using-a-ham-radio-license/ https://www.faa.gov/uas/commercial_operators/become_a_drone_pilot