Development reference

Design, programming and version control.

Patterns

Major Objects stored in a Memory Model Major Objects Use Major Objects for fast in-memory handling of large amount of data that is thread-safe but must be persisted We must support complex objects with simple keys, crud, and fast lookup by multiple keys. Our most useful containers are vector, set (key in object) and map (<key,value> pair). Set can give us almost every positive feature, when used to store the PersistentIDObject class. Use an unordered_set of const pointers to objects derived from PersistentIDObject The default container should index by db_id primary key Always use the db_id for foreign keys Other containers can be created with alternate keys using object members; just define new hash functions. PersistentIDObject Add a dirty flag to all objects, set to true on any change that must be persisted Use an internal in-memory counter to generate the next db_id for a newly created object This means that when creating new objects, there is NO NEED to access db, VERY IMPORTANT! Use delayed-write tactics to write all dirty objects on idle time Memory Model Use a Datastore manager (aka "MemoryModel") to hold sets It can look up objects by any key, and strip away const to return a mutable object. NOTE that the user must not damage the key values! Derive a class from the memory model for persistence; it can use any persistence method (local, remote, sql, nosql, etc.). Make sure that the base MemoryModel class is concrete not abstract, thread-safe and self-contained; this makes parallel calculations trivial, helps scalability, etc. Continuous Integration Commit to Continuous Integration with constant automated testing apps should have live and test modes, made as similar as possible live mode: no tests, lean and mean; usually only one runs at a time in a PROD env (esp for web-driven or service-oriented apps); but you can also debug it in a DEV env test mode: always run automated tests on startup, but then function exactly like live mode as much as possible test mode: write smart tests - assert-driven development means we don't need blanket unit-testing on everything - spend time on big domain-specific tests that MATTER test mode: multiple simultaneous instances should be allowed, so CI can run on dev box during debugging live mode and test mode should be able to run simultaneously, so prod box can always be quickly tested dev box needs ci loop that automatically reruns release in test mode on code changes NOTE that during initial design/development/refactor of basic architecture, CI has less value and may actually get in the way; better to build a functioning app first. c++11 Model View Controller skeleton Three objects contain most of the functionality. In addition, utilities.* provides crosscut features like global logging. CONTROLLER header #include "HTDJInterface.h" #include "HTDJLocalModel.h" #include "HTDJRemoteModel.h" class HTDJController HTDJController( HTDJLocalModel& local, HTDJRemoteModel& remote, HTDJInterface& hinterface VIEW header class HTDJController; class HTDJInterface { HTDJInterface( HTDJController* p_controller) MODEL header class HTDJLocalModel; // Note that we want GLOBAL ACCESS to a GENERIC local model. extern HTDJLocalModel* g_p_local; class HTDJLocalModel { HTDJLocalModel(); Web design mantra DESIGN INPUT TO THE INPUT DEVICE respect the input device detect it and use a reasonable default guess allow manual override [mouse/pen]...[finger] sm-md-lg ... sm-md-lg DESIGN VISUALS TO THE SCREEN high-res = SHOW LOTS OF DETAIL responsive, zoomable git central shared repository Use bare repos for any central shared repositories. Use the [####.git] suffix on bare repo names. Bare repositories are designed to be shared. Maintenance on the central server is easier because you don't have local files to manage permissions or constant flux. Plus, you can always have a second repo on the central server where you check out a specific branch (e.g. to serve up with apache). If you want a dynamically updated central repo, clone the ###.git repo to ###, and add a post-receive hook (see bitpost quick-http.git for a good example). To configure the repo as shared: git config core.sharedRepository true To set it on a new git repo during initial setup, make sure devs are in the same group, and use: git init --shared=group

C++

c++ Create a portable C++ project in linux For anything serious, it's best to clone an existing project's skeleton. main.cpp MVC code nix/copy_from folder make sure .bashrc is configured for boost nix$ bootstrap_autotools_project.sh force release debug set up eclipse according to screenshots in Eclipse c++ Create a portable C++ project in Visual Studio If you don't have existing code, it's probably best to create a project_name.cpp file with your main() function. int main( int argc, char * argv[] ) { return 0; } Then in Visual Studio... File->New->Project from existing code C++ (then use mostly defaults on this page, once you provide file location and project name) Project file location: <base>\project_name Project name: project_name [x] Add files from these folders Add subs [x] <base>\project_name NEXT Use Visual Studio Console application project No ATL, MFC, CLR NEXT NEXT FINISH Then add Reusable and boost include and lib paths: Example if you built boost according to notes below: Project->Properties->All Configurations->Configuration Properties->VC++ Directories->Include Directories-> $(VC_IncludePath);$(WindowsSDK_IncludePath);..\..\..\Reusable\c++ INCLUDE: C:\Software Development\boost_1_53_0 LIB: C:\Software Development\boost_1_53_0\stage\lib boost release and debug build for linux # download latest boost, eg: boost_1_59_0 m@wallee:~/development$ 7z x boost_1_59_0.7z cd boost_1_##_0 build_boost_release_and_debug.sh # then patch .bashrc as instructed # eclipse and server/nix/bootstrap.sh are customized to match To upgrade a project: cd nix make distclean # removes nasty .deps folders that link to old boost if you let them make clean # removes .o files etc cd ../build-Release && make distclean && make clean cd ../build-Debug && make distclean && make clean cd .. ./bootstrap force release ./bootstrap force debug boost release and debug build for Windows Open a VS2015 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt. EITHER: for new installs, you have to run bootstrap.bat first, it will build b2; OR: for reruns, remove boost dirs: [bin.v2, stage]. Then build 64-bit: cd "....\boost_1_59_0" b2 toolset=msvc variant=release,debug link=static address-model=64 rem trying to avoid excessive options, assuming I don't need these: threading=multi (old stuff) --toolset=msvc-14.0 address-model=64 --build-type=complete --stagedir=windows_lib\x64 stage Now open VS2013 x86 Native Tools Command Prompt and build 32-bit: cd "C:\Michael's Data\development\sixth_column\boost_1_55_0" bjam --toolset=msvc-12.0 address-model=32 --build-type=complete --stagedir=windows_lib\x86 stage c++11 containers sorted_vector use when doing lots of unsorted insertions and maintaining constant sort would be expensive; vector is good for a big pile of things that only occasionally needs a sorted lookup map sorted binary search tree; always sorted by key; you can walk through in sorted order (choose unordered if not needed!) multimap same as map but allows dupe keys (not as common) unordered_map hashmap; always sorted by key; additional bucket required for hash collisions; no defined order when walking through unordered_multimap same as map but allows dupe keys; dupes are obviously in the same bucket, and you can walk just the dupes if needed set multiset unordered_set unordered_multiset sets are just like maps, except the key is embedded in the object, nice for encapsulation. Items must be const (!) since they are the key - sounds bad, but this is mitigated by the mutable keyword. You can use mutable on the variables that are not part of the key to remove the const. This changes the constness of the object from binary (completely const) to logical (constness is defined by the developer). So... set is a good way to achieve both encapsulation and logical const - make const work for you, not against!  :-) set (etc.) of pointers sets of pointers are the pinnacle of object stores The entire object can be dereferenced and accessed then without const issues. A pointer functor can be provided that does a sort by dereferencing the pointer to the object. Two requirements: you must make sure yourself that you do not change the key values - you can mark them const, provided in constructor; you must create sort/equal/hash functors that dereference the pointers to use object contents (the default will be by pointer address). The arguably biggest advantage, as a result, is that you can create multiple sets to reference the same group of objects with different sort funtors to create multiple indices. You just have to manage the keys carefully, so that they don't change (which would invalidate the sorting). The primary container can manage object allocation; using a heap-based unique_ptr allocation map vs key redux use a key in the set, derive a class from it with the contents + small key + encapsulation - requires mutable to solve the const problem use a key in the set, key includes a mutable object + encapsulation - weird bc everything uses a const object but we have const functions like save() that change the mutable subobject use a map + small key - no encapsulation, have to deal with a pair instead of an object can we just put a ref to key in the value? sure why not - err, bc we don't have access to it + solves const problem bc value is totally mutable by design + we can have multiple keys - and the value can have multiple refs to them + simpler equal and hash functions map: create an object with internal key(s) create map index(es) with duplicate key values outside the object - dupe data is the downside use set(s) with one static key for find(): create an object with internal key(s) create set index(es) with specific hash/equals functor(s) when finding, use one static key object (even across indexes!) so there isn't a big construction each time; just set the necessary key values that proves difficult when dealing with member vars that are references but to solve it, just set up a structure of dummy static key objects that use each other; then provide a function to setKey(Object& keyref) { keyref_ = keyref; } nope, can't reassign refs the solution: use pointers not references yes that's right just do it apparently there was a reason i was anti-reference for all those years two reasons to use pointers: dynamically allocated reassignment required there ya go. simple. get it done. when accessing find results from the set, use a const_cast on the object! WARNING: a separate base class with the key sounds good... but fails when you have more than one index on the object. just use a static key object for them all! c++11 example for large groups of objects with frequent crud AND search Best solution is an unordered set of pointers: typedef boost::unordered_set<MajorObject*> MajorObjects; c++11 example for large groups of objects with infrequent crud and frequent search Best solution is a vector of pointers sorted on demand (sorted_vector): TODO c++11 example to associate two complex objects (one the map key, one the map value) Use unordered_map with a custom object as key. You must add hash and equals functions. Boost makes it easy: static bool operator==(MyKeyObject const& m1, MyKeyObject const& m2) { return m1.id_0 == m2.id_0 && m1.id_1 == m2.id_1; } static std::size_t hash_value(MyKeyObject const& mko) { std::size_t seed = 0; boost::hash_combine(seed, mko.id_0); boost::hash_combine(seed, mko.id_1); return seed; } typedef boost::unordered_map<MyKeyObject, MyValueObject*> MyMap; Note that you can extend this to use a pointer to a key object, whoop. c++11 example for multiple unordered_set indexes into one group of objects Objects will be dynamically created. One set should include them all and be responsible for memory allocation cleanup: TODO c++11 example for set with specific sorting Use set with a specific sort functor. You can create as many of these indexes as you want! struct customers_set_sort_functor { bool operator()(const MyObject* l, const MyObject* r) const { // the id is the key return l->id_ < r->id_; } }; typedef set<MyObject*,myobject_sort_by_id_functor> MyObjectsById; c++11 loop through vector to erase some items Note that other containers' iterators may not be invalidated so you can just erase() as needed... For vectors, you have to play with iterators to get it right - watch for proper ++ pre/postfix! for (it = numbers.begin(); it != numbers.end(); ) // NOTE we increment below, only if we don't erase { if (*it.no_good()) { numbers.erase(it++); // NOTE that we ERASE THEN INCREMENT here. } else { ++it; } } I thought I had always looped backwards to do this, I *think* that's ok too, but I don't see it used in my code, I think I'll avoid.  :-) c++11 range based for loop, jacked with boost index if needed No iterator usage at all. Nice at times, not enough at others. Make SURE to always use a reference or you will be working on a COPY. Make it const if you aren't changing the object. for (auto& mc : my_container) mc.setString("default"); for (const auto& cmc : my_container) cout << cmc.asString(); boost index can give you the index if you need it, sweet: #include <boost/range/adaptor/indexed.hpp> ... for (const auto &element: boost::adaptors::index(mah_container)) cout << element.value() << element.index(); c++11 for loop using lambda This C++11 for loop is clean and elegant and a perfect way to check if your compiler is ready for c++11: vector<int> v; for_each( v.begin(), v.end(), [] (int val) { cout << val; } ); This is using a lambda function, we should switch from iterators and functors to those - but not quite yet, since we're writing cross-platform code. Do not touch this until we can be sure that all platforms provide compatible C++11 handling. c++11 integer types I really like the "fast" C++11 types, that give best performance for a guaranteed minimum bit width. Use them when you know a variable will not exceed the maximum value of that bit width, but does not have to be a precise bit width in memory or elsewhere. Pick specific-width fields whenever data is shared with other processes and components and you want a guarantee of its bit width. And when using pointer size and array indices you should use types defined for those specific situations. FAST types: int_fast8_t int_fast16_t fastest signed integer type with width of int_fast32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively int_fast64_t uint_fast8_t uint_fast16_t fastest unsigned integer type with width of uint_fast32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively uint_fast64_t SMALL types: int_least8_t int_least16_t smallest signed integer type with width of int_least32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively int_least64_t uint_least8_t uint_least16_t smallest unsigned integer type with width of uint_least32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively uint_least64_t EXACT types: int8_t signed integer type with width of int16_t exactly 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively int32_t with no padding bits and using 2's complement for negative values int64_t (provided only if the implementation directly supports the type) uint8_t unsigned integer type with width of uint16_t exactly 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively uint32_t (provided only if the implementation directly supports the type) uint64_t SPECIFIC-USE types: intptr_t integer type capable of holding a pointer uintptr_t unsigned integer type capable of holding a pointer size_t unsigned integer type capable of holding an array index (same size as uintptr_t) C++11 scoped enumeration C++11 has scoped enumeration, which lets you specify the SPECIFIC VARIABLE TYPE for the enum. Perfect, let's use uint_fast32_t. enum class STRING_PREF_INDEX int_fast32_t: { ... }; Unfortunately, gcc gives me a scary warning, and stuff fails. For some reason, it does not know about the provided type, although it is definitely defined. Revisit this later if you have time. warning: elaborated-type-specifier for a scoped enum must not use the ‘class’ keyword Old skool is still cool: typedef enum { // assert( SP_COUNT == 2 ); SP_FIRST = 0 , SP_SOME_PREF = SP_FIRST , SP_ANOTHA , SP_COUNT } STRING_PREF_INDEX; c++ in-memory storage of "major" objects OBSERVATION ONE Consider An Important Qt Design: QObjects cannot normally be copied their copy constructors and assignment operators are private why? A Qt Object... might have a unique QObject::objectName(). If we copy a Qt Object, what name should we give the copy? has a location in an object hierarchy. If we copy a Qt Object, where should the copy be located? can be connected to other Qt Objects to emit signals to them or to receive signals emitted by them. If we copy a Qt Object, how should we transfer these connections to the copy? can have new properties added to it at runtime that are not declared in the C++ class. If we copy a Qt Object, should the copy include the properties that were added to the original? in other words, a QObject is a pretty serious object that has the ability to be tied to other objects and resources in ways that make copying dangerous isn't this true of all serious objects? pretty much OBSERVATION TWO if you have a vector of objects, you often want to track them individually outside the vector if you use a vector of pointers, you can move the object around much more cheaply, and not worry about costly large vector reallocations a vector of objects (not pointers) only makes sense if the number of objects is initially known and does not change over time OBSERVATION THREE STL vectors can store your pointers, iterate thru them, etc. for a vector of any substantial size, you want to keep objects sorted so you can find them quickly that's what my sorted_vector class is for; it simply bolts vector together with sort calls and a b_sorted status following STL practices, to get sorting, you have to provide operator< for whatever is in your vector BUT... you are not allowed to do operator<(const MyObjectPtr* right) because it would require a reference to a pointer which is not allowed BUT... you can provide a FUNCTOR to do the job, then provide it when sorting/searching a functor is basically a structure with a bool operator()(const MyObjectPtr* left, const MyObjectPtr* right) OBSERVATION FOUR unordered_set works even better when combining frequent CRUD with frequent lookups SUMMARY Dealing with tons of objects is par for the course in any significant app. Finding a needle in the haystack of those objects is also standard fare. Having multiple indices into those objects is also essential. Using unordered_set with object pointers and is very powerful. c++ stl reverse iterator skeleton From SGI... reverse_iterator rfirst(V.end()); reverse_iterator rlast(V.begin()); while (rfirst != rlast) { cout << *rfirst << endl; ... rfirst++; } c++ stl reading a binary file into a string std::ifstream in("my.zip",std::ios::binary); if (!in) { std::cout << "problem with file open" << std::endl; return 0; } in.seekg(0,std::ios::end); unsigned long length = in.tellg(); in.seekg(0,std::ios::beg); string str(length,0); std::copy( std::istreambuf_iterator< char >(in) , std::istreambuf_iterator< char >() , str.begin() ); For more, see c++ stl reading a binary file C/C++ best-in-class tool selection I need to have easy setup of debug-level tool support for portable C++11 code. And I need to decide and stick to it to be efficient. Compiler selection linux and mac: gcc windows: Visual Studio IDE selection linux and mac: eclipse windows: eclipse OR Visual Studio OR Qt Creator Debugger selection linux and mac: eclipse using gdb OR ddd windows: eclipse OR Visual Studio OR Qt Creator c/c++ gdb debugging (gdb) help break Set breakpoint at specified line or function. Argument may be line number, function name, or "*" and an address. If line number is specified, break at start of code for that line. If function is specified, break at start of code for that function. If an address is specified, break at that exact address. With no arg, uses current execution address of selected stack frame. This is useful for breaking on return to a stack frame. Multiple breakpoints at one place are permitted, and useful if conditional. Do "help breakpoints" for info on other commands dealing with breakpoints. ddd gives you a front end. I need to use it more, compare to other options C - Create a portable command line C project in Visual Studio Visual Studio: File -> New -> project Visual C++ -> Win32 -> Win32 Console Application name: oms_with_emap next -> click OFF precompiled header checkbox (even tho it didn't seem to respect it) you'll get a _tmain(..., TCHAR*...) change it to main(..., char*...) change the project to explicitly say "Not using precompiled header" remove the f'in stdafx.h recompile! should be clean vs will recognize C files and compile accordingly gcc install multiple versions in ubuntu (4 and 5 in wily, eg) My code will not compile with gcc 5, the version provided with Ubuntu wily. It gives warnings like this: /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:547:34: warning: ‘template<class> class std::auto_ptr’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] and outright errors like this: depbase=`echo AtServer.o | sed 's|[^/]*$|.deps/&|;s|\.o$||'`;\ g++ -DPACKAGE_NAME=\"at_server\" -DPACKAGE_TARNAME=\"at_server\" -DPACKAGE_VERSION=\"1.0\" -DPACKAGE_STRING=\"at_server\ 1.0\" -DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"m@abettersoftware.com\" -DPACKAGE_URL=\"\" -DPACKAGE=\"at_server\" -DVERSION=\"1.0\" -I. -I../../src -I/home/m/development/Reusable/c++ -I/home/m/development/Reusable/c++/sqlite -std=c++11 -I/home/m/development/boost_1_59_0 -ggdb3 -O0 -std=c++11 -MT AtServer.o -MD -MP -MF $depbase.Tpo -c -o AtServer.o ../../src/AtServer.cpp &&\ mv -f $depbase.Tpo $depbase.Po In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algo.h:60:0, from /usr/include/c++/5/algorithm:62, from /usr/include/c++/5/ext/slist:47, from /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/algorithm/string/std/slist_traits.hpp:16, from /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/algorithm/string/std_containers_traits.hpp:23, from /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/algorithm/string.hpp:18, from /home/m/development/Reusable/c++/utilities.hpp:4, from ../../src/MemoryModel.hpp:11, from ../../src/SqliteLocalModel.hpp:13, from ../../src/AtServer.cpp:70: /usr/include/c++/5/bits/algorithmfwd.h:573:13: error: initializer provided for function noexcept(__and_<is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Tp>, ^ /usr/include/c++/5/bits/algorithmfwd.h:582:13: error: initializer provided for function noexcept(noexcept(swap(*__a, *__b))) You can set up the update-alternatives tool to switch out the symlinks: sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.9 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-5 20 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-5 BUT that seems BAD to me to switch out the compiler used by the SYSTEM. Instead, we should specify the compiler required by the PROJECT. This is supposed to do it, but it still uses /usr/include/c++/5, which seems wrong, and gives me errors: CC=gcc-4.9

JavaScript

Register with npm A one-time registration is required on a new machine if you want to publish from it: npm adduser Username: moodboom Password: (see private) Email: (this IS public) moodboom@gmail.com Publish a node module sudo npm install -g # keep doing this until you are happy with local install # update version in package.json git commit -a -m "1.0.5" git tag 1.0.5 git push && git push --tags # NOTE: bitpost has a git hook to push changes all the way up to github npm publish Update a node module's dependencies # make sure dependency in package.json has a carat at the beginning of its version (^x means "at least" version x) # make sure the dependency has a new version available - completely publish it first if it is your own # then you can simply reinstall from within the module folder to get all dependencies upgraded sudo npm install -g Develop several node modules at once Convert dependencies to use local packages instead of published versions, eg: cd ~/development/mah-haus npm install -S /home/m/development/thedigitalage/rad-scripts Then reinstall everything (local dependent modules, then parent modules, pita - consider links if doing longer-term dev) sudo npm install -g Then convert back to published versions as they become available (it's up to me to stabilize and publish new module versions): cd ~/development/mah-haus npm install -S rad-scripts install Node.js Windows Use the latest 64-bit installer From a cmd prompt: npm install -g express Linux install Node.js using the "Node.js Version Manager" nvm details find the latest nvm version curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.29.0/install.sh | bash source ~/.profile nvm ls-remote nvm install 4.2.1 use eg: [sudo npm install -g express] to have the package manager use a globally shared location also: nvm use 4.2.1; node -v; nvm ls; nvm alias default 0.11.13; nvm use default also: You can create an .nvmrc file containing version number in the project root directory and it will default to that version Occasionally I've had to update npm itself: sudo npm install -g npm auto AWS npm install -g aws-sdk Add credentials here: C:\Users\Administrator\.aws see existing scripts, anything is possible install bootstrap npm install -g grunt-cli mkdir mysite && cd mysite npm install bootstrap cd node_modules/bootstrap npm install # to actually pull down dependencies grunt dist # builds and minifies so you're good to go!

git

misc

Configure Qt development on Windows + Mac + linux Build the TagLib library with Visual Studio 2013 php debugging Tail these: tail -f /var/log/apache2/sitelogs/thedigitalage.org/ssl_error_log tail -f /var/log/ampache-tda/ampache.(today).log This leads to too much noise, not needed... emacs /etc/php/apache2-php5.3/php.ini display_errors = On /etc/init.d/apache restart Jenkins Installation: install on a server (TODO) For VS projects: add MSBuild plugin find the right path to msbuild.exe (eg C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v4.0.30319\MSBuild.exe) Manage Jenkins, Configure System, add the msbuild there; USE FULL PATH, INCLUDE EXE, NO LEADING SPACES Add the Build Keeper plugin to clean up previous bad builds on rebuild Add nodes labeled according to what will be built on each Select "New Item" to add folder(s) to create a project layout Within folders, select "New Item" to create "Freestyle Projects" Configure the project: git, build+test+install script, post-build cleanup "Restrict where this project can run" with node labels poll source control ~ every 30 min: "H/30 * * * *" TODO retrieve build+test+install status, report to Jenkins SQL Server 2008+ proper upsert using MERGE -- We need an "upsert": if record exists, update it, otherwise insert. -- There are several options to do that. -- Trying to do it correctly means... -- 1) use a lock or transaction to make the upsert atomic -- 2) use the best-available operation to maximize performance -- SQL Server 2008 has MERGE which may be slightly more efficient than -- separate check && (insert||update) steps. And we can do it with -- a single lock instead of a full transaction (which may be better?). -- It's messy to code up though since three blocks of fields must be specified. -- Cest la vie. MERGE [dbo].[FACT_DCSR_RemPeriodMonthlyReport] WITH (HOLDLOCK) AS rpmr USING (SELECT @ID AS ID) AS new_foo ON rpmr.ID = new_foo.ID @last_months_year as DCSRYear, @last_month as DCSRMonth, @last_month_name as MonthName, Device_Type_ID, WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET f.UpdateSpid = @@SPID, UpdateTime = SYSDATETIME() WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ( ID, InsertSpid, InsertTime ) VALUES ( new_foo.ID, @@SPID, SYSDATETIME() ); Windows command prompt FULL SCREEN Type cmd in start search box and right-click on the cmd shortcut which appears in the results. Select Run CMD as administrator. Next, in the command prompt, type wmic and hit Enter. Now try to maximize it! Close it and again open it. It will open as a maximized window! You may have to ensure that the Quick Edit Mode in the Options tab is checked. bash chmod dirs find /path/to/base/dir -type d -exec chmod g+x {} \; Web Services Firefox Addon development