Git

TASKS

ExpandNew shared central bare repo

On central server (aka bitpost): cd development(...) git init --bare --shared mynewthang.git On development box cd development(...) git clone bitpost.com:development/mynewthang.git # this will create a new empty repo with no branch yet # create files, then use git to add them, commit them and push them # that will create remote-tracked master branch for you Back on bitpost git clone mynewthang.git # to create a working copy on server, if desired

Expandcreate shared central repo for existing code

Create a bare repo with .git suffix git init --bare --shared mything.git Go to existing code and clone the repo next to it, with a temp name. Move .git into the existing code. Add code, add a .gitignore as needed, and you're all set. cd mything/.. git clone (bare-repo-host-and-path)mything.git mything-temp mv mything-temp/.git mything/ rm -rf mything-temp cd mything subl .gitignore # as needed git add (whatever you want to track) git commit -a -m "init repo" && git push

ExpandSet default branch of a bare repo
If you want the default branch of a bare repo to be something other than master: git branch * master moodboom-quick-http git symbolic-ref HEAD refs/heads/moodboom-quick-http git branch master * moodboom-quick-http

Expandgitflow

Gitflow is awesome, using it myself and everywhere I work these days (2020). Devs work out of develop branch Devs create feature branches off develop for any decent-sized work Once develop is stable and you are ready for a release: git tag -a -m "#MAJOR#.#MINOR#".0 #MAJOR#.#MINOR#.0 git checkout -b release/release_#MAJOR#.#MINOR# git push --set-upstream origin release_#MAJOR#.#MINOR# git checkout master && git merge release/release_#MAJOR#.#MINOR# && git push git checkout develop # and get back to it! Do hotfixes as needed in release branch, tagged #MAJOR#.#MINOR#.++, merged back into master and develop

ExpandFetch a branch from remote without checking it out
Good for when you are rebasing a feature branch. git fetch origin develop:develop You would think git fetch --all would do it but does not.

ExpandPush any branch from bare to origin
Good for when you are force-pushing a branch rebase. git push [-f] origin mybranch:mybranch

ExpandMerging conflicts after diverging
Revert local changes in a file to HEAD git checkout -- path/to/file.txt Discard ALL LOCAL COMMITS and get the (possibly diverged) remote instead git reset --hard origin/master

ExpandCreate and push a feature branch

This will move recent commits AND uncommitted changes into a new branch (but you probably want to finish by cleaning out commits from starting branch, and repulling after you merge the feature). git checkout -b feature/whiz-bang # Do this ONCE: git config --global push.default current # From then on: git push -u # OR, if you don't want the config, you have to be more specific: # git push -u origin feature/whiz-bang

Expandgetting upstream commits into your GitLab GITFLOW fork

NOTE: This doesn't work from a bitpost bare repo, so you need to make a new direct clone of your GitLab fork, first, if you don't have one yet. This is very easy if you have left the master branch alone for the parent's commits, and keep your add-on commits in a release-x.x branch, as we have for SWS and SWSS. cdl # Clone local repo directly from GitLab (already done on cobra) git clone git@gitlab.com:moodboom/Simple-Web-Server.git SWS-gitlab-moodboom cd SWS-gitlab-moodboom # make sure master is checked out git branch # add parent as remote git remote add ole-upstream git@gitlab.com:eidheim/Simple-Web-Server.git git fetch ole-upstream git rebase ole-upstream/master git push -f origin master You can now delete the fresh clone, it has done its job. Or leave it for ease-of-use for next rebase. Now update your bare repo on bitpost, to keep things in sync. git fetch origin master:master -f Next, go to dev repo, pull master. Check out release, create a new release from that, and rebase master. (or just create a new release branch off master if that's what you want) It is the gitflow way! Push your new branch to bare, then push bare to GitLab via something like: git push --set-upstream origin release/abt-0.0.3 To complete SW(S)S rebase, update mh-install-sws to use the new branch. Then run it on all your dev boxes, whoop. (Then, code up any fixes, sigh... and push em.. .sigh... and get on with it!)

Expandgetting upstream commits into your GitLab fork

NOTE: This doesn't work from a bitpost bare repo, so you need to make a new direct clone of your GitLab fork, first, if you don't have one yet. Add the remote, call it something specific: git remote add someauthor-upstream https://gitlab.com/someauthor/theprojectiforked Fetch all the branches of that remote into remote-tracking branches, such as upstream/master: git fetch someauthor-upstream Get on the branch where you are tracking the rebase. Typically your master branch but can be whatever: git checkout tlsv12 # or master or next or... Rewrite your branch so that any commits of yours that aren't already in upstream are replayed on top of that other branch (if you do a straight merge instead of rebase you'll screw up the upstream!): git rebase someauthor-upstream/master If you haven't done so, in GitLab, go to the "Protected Branch" settings and remove protection from master - it's just a fact that you're going to need to force-push to master. IF the branch that was the target of the rebase existed, force the push in order to push it to your own forked repository on GitLab. You only need to use the -f the first time after you've rebased: git push -f origin master ELSE if the branch you merged into is a new creation, set its upstream when you push: git push --set-upstream origin tlsv12 You will want to force-fetch to update the bare repo you may have on bitpost, DO THIS NOW or you will screw things up badly later: [Simple-WebSocket-Server.git] git fetch origin master:master -f You should also force-update ALL your dev repos, NOW, for the same reason: git reset --hard HEAD^^^^^^ && git pull NOTE that you may need to remove a remote-tracking branch if you don't need it any more. It's stupidly painful to get right, eg: [Simple-WebSocket-Server.git] git branch -rd eidheim/Simple-WebSocket-Server/master

Expandgetting upstream commits into your GitHub fork

From so... Add the remote, call it something specific: git remote add someauthor-upstream https://github.com/someauthor/theprojectiforked.git Fetch all the branches of that remote into remote-tracking branches, such as upstream/master: git fetch someauthor-upstream Get on the branch where you are tracking the rebase. Typically your master branch but can be whatever: git checkout tlsv12 # or master or next or... Rewrite your branch so that any commits of yours that aren't already in upstream are replayed on top of that other branch (if you do a straight merge instead of rebase you'll screw up the upstream!): git rebase someauthor-upstream/master IF the branch that was the target of the rebase existed, force the push in order to push it to your own forked repository on GitHub. You only need to use the -f the first time after you've rebased: git push -f origin master ELSE if the branch you merged into is a new creation, set its upstream when you push: git push --set-upstream origin tlsv12 Now master has the latest commits from the fork origin. You can rebase onto it, if you've been working in a branch (good): git checkout mybranch git rebase master

ExpandClone a bare repo (eg github, gitlab, bb) into a bare repo
Say you want a bare repo to be shared by all your dev environments, but you need to push/pull THAT from a central bare repo, too. git clone --bare --shared git@bitbucket.org:equityshift/es-demo.git cd es-demo.git git config remote.origin.fetch "+*:*" git fetch --all I was surprised that this was difficult at all, and may still have some lessons to learn...

ExpandCreate new branch on server, pull to client

# ON CENTRAL SERVER git checkout master # as needed; we are assuming that master is clean enough as a starting point git checkout -b mynewbranchy # HOWEVER, use this instead if you need a new "clean" repo and even master is dirty... # You need the rm because git "leaves your working folder intact". git checkout --orphan mynewbranchy git rm -rf . # ON CLIENT git pull git checkout -b mynewbranchy origin/mynewbranchy # if files are in the way from the previously checked-out branch, you can force it... git checkout -f -b mynewbranchy origin/mynewbranchy

ExpandMerge changes in a single file
Explanation is here. git checkout mybranch git checkout --patch develop my/single/file.cpp

ExpandRemove old branches
Explanation is here. Remote: git push origin --delete <branch> Local: git branch -d <branch> git fetch <remote> --prune # Delete multiple obsolete tracking branches

ExpandWork with two local repos

Set up a remote, then fetch it as master. cd repoToChange git remote add otherplace ../../wherever/../gitrepo git ls-remote otherplace # verify it looks ok, figure out which branch you like (if not master) git fetch otherplace # gets it all git checkout --track otherplace/master # or other branch as needed; this creates the branch and sets remote in one step, cool Set up a remote, then fetch it into a non-master branch, and push it to the active origin. cd repoToChange git remote add otherplace ../../wherever/../gitrepo git ls-remote otherplace # verify it looks ok, figure out which branch you like (if not master) git fetch otherplace # gets it all git checkout otherplace/master # creates it detached, good because we need to name the new branch something other than master git checkout -b new_otherplace_branchname # creates new local branch with a good name git push --set-upstream origin new_otherplace_branchname # takes the branch from the OLD origin and pushes it to the ACTIVE origin, cool!

ExpandPull when untracked files are in the way
This will pull, forcing untracked files to be overwritten by newly tracked ones in the repo: git fetch --all git reset --hard origin/mymatchingbranch

ExpandCreate new branch when untracked files are in the way
git checkout -b bj143 origin/bj143 git : error: The following untracked working tree files would be overwritten by checkout: (etc) TOTAL PURGE FIX (too much): git clean -d -fn "" -d dirs too -f force, required -x include ignored files (don't use this) -n dry run BEST FIX (just overwrite what is in the way): git checkout -f -b bj143 origin/bj143

ExpandRecreate repo
git clone ssh://m@thedigitalmachine.com/home/m/development/thedigitalage/ampache-with-hangthedj-module cd ampache-with-hangthedj-module git checkout -b daily_grind origin/daily_grind If you already have the daily_grind branches and just need to connect them: git branch -u origin/daily_grind daily_grind

ExpandConnect to origin after the fact
git remote add origin ssh:// m@bitpost.com/home/m/development/logs git fetch From ssh:// bitpost/home/m/development/logs * [new branch] daily_grind -> origin/daily_grind * [new branch] master -> origin/master git branch -u origin/daily_grind daily_grind git checkout master git branch -u origin/master master

ExpandIgnore local and remote changes to a file

This is helpful for conf files that need local-specific modifications that shouldn't be pushed. You have to toggle it on/off as needed to get updates! See my SO answer. PREVENT COMMIT OF CHANGES TO A LOCAL FILE ----------------------------------------- git update-index --skip-worktree apps/views/_partials/jsIncludes.scala.html RESET TO GET CHANGES AGAIN -------------------------- git update-index --no-skip-worktree apps/views/_partials/jsIncludes.scala.html LIST SKIPPED FILES ------------------ git ls-files -v . | grep ^S S app/views/_partials/jsIncludes.scala.html -----------------------------------------

ExpandChanging branches in a project with submodules
# always reset the @*$ submodules to proper commits git checkout develop && git submodule update

ExpandHard-reset a misbehaving submodule to parent commit version
git submodule deinit -f . git submodule update --init

CONFIGURATION

ExpandVisual difftool and mergetool setup

Meld is purdy, let's kick its tires. Hope it actually works... git config --global diff.tool meld git config --global merge.tool meld git config --global --add difftool.prompt false I used to set up kdiff3 manually, like this... (gross) LINUX - put this in ~/.gitconfig [diff] tool = kdiff3 [merge] tool = kdiff3 WINDOZE [difftool "kdiff3"] path = C:/Progra~1/KDiff3/kdiff3.exe trustExitCode = false [difftool] prompt = false [diff] tool = kdiff3 [mergetool "kdiff3"] path = C:/Progra~1/KDiff3/kdiff3.exe trustExitCode = false [mergetool] keepBackup = false [merge] tool = kdiff3 LINUX Before - What a ridiculous pita... copy this into .git/config... [difftool "kdiff3"] path = /usr/bin/kdiff3 trustExitCode = false [difftool] prompt = false [diff] tool = kdiff3 [mergetool "kdiff3"] path = /usr/bin/kdiff3 trustExitCode = false [mergetool] keepBackup = false [merge] tool = kdiff3

ExpandConvert to a bare repo

Start with a normal git repo via [git init]; add your files, get it all set up. Then do this: cd repo Now you can copy-paste this... mv .git .. && rm -fr * mv ../.git . mv .git/* . rmdir .git git config --bool core.bare true cd .. Don't copy/paste these, you need to change repo name... mv repo repo.git # rename it for clarity git clone repo.git # (optional, if you want a live repo on the server where you have the bare repo) Then you can clean up old branches like daily and daily_grind, as needed.

ExpandConvert bare to a mirror of remote (github, facebook, etc)

You need a bare mirror repo if you want to take someone else's repo and create your own bare to work from. If you did NOT specify --mirror when you first created the bare repo, you can convert to a mirror by adding these last two lines to config, underneath url: [remote "origin"] url = git@github.com:facebook/proxygen.git fetch = +refs/*:refs/* mirror = true Now you can fetch from the bare repo: git fetch

ExpandCreate merge-to command
Add this handy alias command to all git repos' .config file... [alias] merge-to = "!gitmergeto() { export tmp_branch=`git branch | grep '* ' | tr -d '* '` && git checkout $1 && git merge $tmp_branch && git checkout $tmp_branch; unset tmp_branch; }; gitmergeto"

ExpandFix github diverge from local bare repo following README.md edit

Yes editing the README.md file on github will FUCK UP your downstream bare repo if you meanwhile push to it before pulling. Fixing it is a PAIN in the ASS, you have to create a new local repo and pull github into that, pull in from your other local repo, push to github, pull to your bare... git clone git@github.com:moodboom/quick-http.git quick-http-with-readme-conflict git remote add local ../quick-http git fetch local git merge local/master # merge in changes, likely trivial git push # pushes back to github cd .. mv quick-http.git quick-http.git__gone-out-of-sync-fu-github-readme-editor git clone git@github.com:moodboom/quick-http.git --bare cp quick-http.git__gone-out-of-sync-fu-github-readme-editor/config quick-http.git/ And that MIGHT get you on your way... but I would no longer trust ANY of your local repos... This is a serious pita.

ExpandWindows configure notepad++ editor
git config --global core.editor "'C:/Program Files (x86)/Notepad++/notepad++.exe' -multiInst -notabbar -nosession -noPlugin"

ExpandFix push behavior - ONLY PUSH CURRENT doh
git config --global push.default current

ExpandMultiple upstreams

Use this to cause AUTOMATIC push/pull to a second origin: git remote set-url origin --push --add user1@repo1 git remote set-url origin --push --add user2@repo2 git remote -v show Leave out --push if you want to pull as well... but I'd be careful, it's better if code is changed in one client with this config, and then pushed to the multiple origins from there. Otherwise, things are GOING TO GET SYNCY-STINKY.

Git branching strategies

Simplified Gitflow

This is awesome, tight, and well-capable of handling any app with a single primary release (like a website).

                        RELEASE TAG
o----------------------------o-----------------o------------o------> MASTER
 \                          /  \                \----------/ HOTFIX
  \                        /    \                          \
   \----------------------/      \--------------------o-----o------> DEVELOP
                                  \                  /
                                   \----------------/ FEATURE

Read more here and here.

Gitflow

I was a die-hard believer in gitflow for a while. It's very capable. Too capable. You MIGHT need it if you are supporting multiple versions in production... but in all my cases, it is overkill, compared to Simplified Gitflow. The classic diagram, originally from here...

My git pages (older)

Track your changes to an open-source project with git

Using git on Windows

Portable git