Development reference

Design, programming and version control.

Patterns

Major Objects Quick-http Continuous Integration Architecture of major open source apps Model View Controller String escape formatting across different languages and systems c++ to JSON: always use nlohmann::json j.dump() to encode, to ensure strings are properly escaped JSON to c++: always use nlohmann::json j.parse() " c++ to Javascript: use raw_to_Javascript() to properly escape c++ to sqlite: use SqliteLocalModel::safestr(), which uses double_doublequotes(str) Web design mantra DESIGN INPUT TO THE INPUT DEVICE respect the input device detect it and use a reasonable default guess allow manual override [mouse/pen]...[finger] sm-md-lg ... sm-md-lg DESIGN VISUALS TO THE SCREEN high-res = SHOW LOTS OF DETAIL responsive, zoomable git central shared repository Use bare repos for any central shared repositories. Use the [####.git] suffix on bare repo names. Bare repositories are designed to be shared. Maintenance on the central server is easier because you don't have local files to manage permissions or constant flux. Plus, you can always have a second repo on the central server where you check out a specific branch (e.g. to serve up with apache). If you want a dynamically updated central repo, clone the ###.git repo to ###, and add a post-receive hook (see bitpost quick-http.git for a good example). To configure the repo as shared: git config core.sharedRepository true To set it on a new git repo during initial setup, make sure devs are in the same group, and use: git init --shared=group Occam's razor Among competing hypotheses, the one with the fewest assumptions should be selected. Security Notes to review before interviews, etc: --------------------------- fedramp cloud certification --------------------------- strong encryption, eg AES 256-bit data should be encrypted before it leaves end-user "organization" encrypt: data-at-rest, data-in-transit, data-in-use encryption keys MUST be kept within end-user org CSP requirements: implement security, third-party assess, maintain authorization, comply with continous monitoring basics review public-private key ------------------ plain -> encrypted -> plain ^ ^ publickey privatekey SSL HANDSHAKE ------------- client server -> hello -> < cert (check) send secret encryped with server public key > decrypt secret) (opt) send client cert > (check - but not otherwise used?) ack> <ack exchange with shared secret key best encryption to date ssl labs: Key RSA 2048 bits (e 65537) signature SHA256withRSA certchain includes Let's Encrypt Authority X3, RSA 2048 bits, Signature: SHA256withRSA TLS 1.2 (not allowed: TLS 1.1, 1.0; SSL 3, SSL 2 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0xc02f) ECDH secp256r1 (eq. 3072 bits RSA) FS 128 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0xc027) ECDH secp256r1 (eq. 3072 bits RSA) FS 128 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0xc013) ECDH secp256r1 (eq. 3072 bits RSA) FS 128 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0x9e) DH 2048 bits FS 128 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0x67) DH 2048 bits FS 128 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x33) DH 2048 bits FS review AES 256-bit for encryption aka Rijndael, which won in the original NIST AES selection process (in 2001!) symmetric key algorithm (same key to encrypt and decrypt) block size 128 key length 256 (can be 128 and 192) SHA-256 for signatures a bit-specific SHA-2 deprecates SHA-1 NOT deprecated by SHA-3 (an alternative developed through NIST competition) 256-bit "hash values" aka digests aka signatures) server + client ssl certificate process HMAC is a signature with a key - what I'm doing with JWT (HMAC-SHA256) broken: RC2 RC4 DES IDEA ... next-gen: https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/135054/whats-after-aes TLS 1.3, which is still a draft, is going with two authenticated ciphers as its required choices: AES-GCM, with either 128- or 256-bit keys; ChaCha20/Poly1305 The reasons we have two are the following: As a backup—if one of them is broken, everybody can switch to the other; They have different strengths: AES-GCM has excellent hardware support in many platforms; ChaCha20/Poly1305 has faster all-software implementations than AES-GCM does. good for https with SSL certs, according to SSL labs: TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0xc02f) ECDH secp256r1 (eq. 3072 bits RSA) FS 128 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0xc027) ECDH secp256r1 (eq. 3072 bits RSA) FS 128 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0xc013) ECDH secp256r1 (eq. 3072 bits RSA) FS 128 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 (0x9e) DH 2048 bits FS 128 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 (0x67) DH 2048 bits FS 128 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA (0x33) DH 2048 bits FS NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) SHA-3 competition 2007-2012 (SHA = Secure Hash Algorithm) 64 entries 5 finalists: BLAKE, Grøstl, JH, Keccak and Skein winner: Keccak schneier's feedback: Yes, I would have rather my own Skein had won, but it was a good choice. NSA has Suite A (classified algorithms that will not be released) and Suite B cryptography algorithms Suite B's components are: Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with key sizes of 128 and 256 bits. For traffic flow, AES should be used with either the Counter Mode (CTR) for low bandwidth traffic or the Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) mode of operation for high bandwidth traffic (THIS CAN BE PARALLELIZED) Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) – digital signatures Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman (ECDH) – key agreement Secure Hash Algorithm 2 (SHA-256 and SHA-384) – message digest talk about my projects nopc energy market need to measure power behind the consumers meter i wrote a client that lives on embedded devices i cross-compiled openssl, libmodbus, libcurl, libwebsockets, zlib ssl / websockets work: libwebsockets uses openssl, but i have played a bit with optional ssl: wolfssl has streaming media support, including the HC-128 and RABBIT stream ciphers Standard ciphers are supported, including EDH on both the client and server side. wolfSSL recently added support for BLAKE2b, one of the SHA-3 finalists as well. wolfSSL’s underlying cryptography library is called wolfCrypt. i wouldn't want to stray from openssl unless there was a more compelling reason, since it gets so many eyeballs on it people don't like its depth of support for other algorithms, just stick with best-in-class Key RSA 2048 bits (e 65537) signature SHA256withRSA pki: rsa given a guid token, it uses that to generate ssl certs on the device then it runs 24/7 on the embedded device it has a tight loop with callbacks, C is gross but you can do pretty much anything in factthats the problem, you have to do everything! again, i heavily rely on reusable helpers so it has a single-threaded loop with callbacks poll: if !config configure client else poll and store meter data, buffered to memory then volatile then nonvolatile storage if ws not connected initiate connection service the connection callbacks (sending bi-directionally as needed) just added jwt to abettertrader uses HMAC-SHA256 (uses a secret during signature generation) client sends u/p server builds header+payload+HMAC-SHA256 signature with its own secret server sends back base64-encoded token to client client uses token on every API call when token times out, user must log in again server can almost instantly determine user's priviledges without a db hit that's why they call it stateless abettertrader c++ based webserver, gets A+ rating at ssllabs via haproxy! I serve up several domains from my home most of them use SNI with apache with SNI the hostname is sent outside of the encrypted traffic so you can serve up different apache sites based on the requested hostname it's fantastic - for years i had to serve up my different sites on different ports and it was hard to do https that way but! ... i'm running a C++ https server as well and i had to solve the problem of getting incoming https traffic to that server running on that port haproxy is THE BOMB for these kinds of things i configured haproxy to read the domain name and redirect traffic to the c++ http server and port but i am so excited about this, i got these bonuses with zero effort: ALL ssl handshaking is now done by haproxy! i just give it ALL my certs, and it does the negotiations i was able to limit availabe ciphers to those listed as secure at ssllabs ssl-default-bind-options no-sslv3 no-tls-tickets force-tlsv12 ssl-default-bind-ciphers AES128+EECDH:AES128+EDH ALSO i was able to turn on HSTS - this forces all http requests into https requests and that got me an A+ rating on ssllabs - for ALL My sites - in one fell swoop! i felt like that giant that killed 7 flies or whatever abettertrader uses a map of lambas and regexs when a url comes in, it plays it against all the registered regexs if it finds a match, it calls the lambda it's really fast and really fun i set up node.js scripting for my continuous integration i have an open source package called radscripts - it does an automatic semver bump on every commit i'm totally addicted to that you can turn it off and still get all the benefits - i turned off auto-tagging at causam because they wanted to control the specific numbers of releases but semver dictates: ... i am always tinkering, i keep track of my projects in phabricator, an agile ticket tool that sprang out of facebook do you want to see it? willcodeforcoffee.org moodboom/G write a c++ app that sorts an array then encrypts it then decrypts it int main() { return 0; } review c++11, c++14, interview questions RAII resource acquisition is initializaztion- constructor acquires, destructor releases c++ c++11 features I love: automatic type detection - this is great esp for iterators so you don't have to type as much for loops if you don't need to walk forwards or backwards as you loop, these greatly simplify code profile but if you need the iterator as you loop, you can stick with the old way lambda expressions - really fast to write inline functions move semantics - you don't have to copy out results when you're done in a function, you can move them - and it's largely automatic, really nice initialization syntax - i love this for creating test data, you can easily initialize big arrays, whatever, right in code delegating constructors - this si great, so you don't have to rewrite all the base class constructors to be able to add a new one threading - a lot of this is available with boost - but it's nice to have the standard incorporate all the best boost work c++14 seems much more incremental than 11 was you can use auto for function return types - that was already how lambdas worked in c++11, i thought... lamdba parameters can be auto - kind of like templating, seems really crazy and cool - haven't played with this much yet and closures, how cool is that!!! "lambda captures" it carries along the scope from where it was called. javascript of course makes us a huge fan of this. but i wonder about the performance penalty involved. - again, haven't played with it much deprecated keyword, binary literals and then c++17 is on the way - c++ has always made me happy, i find it incredibly elegant compared to lower C or higher java/C# arenas i think javascript actually hits a sweeter spot than those so i'm enjoying C++ and javascript more than anything these days i wrote some utilities in node so i can use node for scripting, which has been really productive but i have to say, python would be a welcome addition c++ containers i use hashmaps of pointers via unordered_map unordered set lets you contain pointers, and specify the hash and equals values for the object pointed to typedef std::unordered_set<AutotradeParameterSet*,PersistentIDObject_hash,PersistentIDObjects_equal > AutotradeParameterSets; then you can set up a second "index" into the object store you have to maintain all indexes as you add and remove, of course unordered_map uses the hash to find the right bucket O(1) map uses a binary tree and a comparison operator O(log(n)) std::find() on vector uses quicksort O(N*log(n)) or insertsort which uses heapsort for worst case mergesort is good to preserve order of equal items (in-place) python has TimSort, pretty cool - looks for presorted sections, then merges those, COOL in use in python since about 2002 i also use a sorted vector class i derived from the standard vector class it too can use pointers instead of objects, allowing for multiple indexes on a set of objects it has push_unsorted(), bSorted() and sort(sort_function) functions usually with vectors you use lower_bound to find things sorted vector has find helpers, and they always sort if unsorted it's really useful when you have a huge amount of objects and only sort on occasion - nagging question: how do you add functionality to a product that's new? this was a very valuable question that I didn't answer well can i ammend my answer? i mentioned that I would diagram function flows - that would definitely be a key strategy and to read any and all available documentation on the software what should have also been part of my answer: generate my own documentation as needed a fantastic tool for that is doxygen i ran it yesterday against a recent project, and it did a nice job creating class hierarchies etc. clang-tidy is suggested to be the best on reddit even has a -fix flag to fix in place, ha cmake can call it for you!! cppcheck coverity for Paid solutions jsonlint

C++

Deleting multiple elements in a collection For sequences (vector, list...), best practice is to use the erase-remove STL pattern For associative containers (set, map...): just recurse and remove iterators, they won't muck up the sequence. example See MemoryModel::saveDirtyObjectsAsNeeded() for example code. c++ Create a portable C/C++ project Use QtCreator + CMake, both available everywhere! set up: create a Qt project as: New Project-> Non-Qt/Plain C Project (CMake Build) pick the PARENT and use the name of the existing folder set up a build folder in the existing folder, called (base)/qtcreator-release-build it creates CMakeLists.txt (THIS IS BASICALLY THE PROJECT FILE!) also creates main.c or something build it! make sure it works NOW we can edit CMakeLists.txt - change . to ./src to get it to scan the src folder for code! and easily add "known" libs! this was all i needed: TARGET_LINK_LIBRARIES(${PROJECT_NAME} pthread websockets) make sure it builds now we want a DEBUG build as well! Projects->Build&Run->pick Build in weird Build/Run pillbox->Edit build configs: Rename: release CMake build dir: Make sure build dir is set to release ie qtcreator-debug-build Add: Clone: release, name: debug for debug, add a custom build step BEFORE make step: command: /usr/bin/cmake args: -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug . working dir: %{buildDir} (add it, and move it up above make) (build em both) Projects->Build&Run->pick Run in weird Build/Run pillbox Run Configuration: rename to "{...} release" clone it into "{...} debug" change working dir to match Build path change any needed params Now you should have build+run debug+release configurations, selectable in the weird project icon in bottom of left-side toolbar ("mode selector") c++ in-memory storage of "major" objects OBSERVATION ONE Consider An Important Qt Design: QObjects cannot normally be copied their copy constructors and assignment operators are private why? A Qt Object... might have a unique QObject::objectName(). If we copy a Qt Object, what name should we give the copy? has a location in an object hierarchy. If we copy a Qt Object, where should the copy be located? can be connected to other Qt Objects to emit signals to them or to receive signals emitted by them. If we copy a Qt Object, how should we transfer these connections to the copy? can have new properties added to it at runtime that are not declared in the C++ class. If we copy a Qt Object, should the copy include the properties that were added to the original? in other words, a QObject is a pretty serious object that has the ability to be tied to other objects and resources in ways that make copying dangerous isn't this true of all serious objects? pretty much OBSERVATION TWO if you have a vector of objects, you often want to track them individually outside the vector if you use a vector of pointers, you can move the object around much more cheaply, and not worry about costly large vector reallocations a vector of objects (not pointers) only makes sense if the number of objects is initially known and does not change over time OBSERVATION THREE STL vectors can store your pointers, iterate thru them, etc. for a vector of any substantial size, you want to keep objects sorted so you can find them quickly that's what my sorted_vector class is for; it simply bolts vector together with sort calls and a b_sorted status following STL practices, to get sorting, you have to provide operator< for whatever is in your vector BUT... you are not allowed to do operator<(const MyObjectPtr* right) because it would require a reference to a pointer which is not allowed BUT... you can provide a FUNCTOR to do the job, then provide it when sorting/searching a functor is basically a structure with a bool operator()(const MyObjectPtr* left, const MyObjectPtr* right) OBSERVATION FOUR unordered_set works even better when combining frequent CRUD with frequent lookups SUMMARY Dealing with tons of objects is par for the course in any significant app. Finding a needle in the haystack of those objects is also standard fare. Having multiple indices into those objects is also essential. Using unordered_set with object pointers and is very powerful. c++ stl reverse iterator skeleton From SGI... reverse_iterator rfirst(V.end()); reverse_iterator rlast(V.begin()); while (rfirst != rlast) { cout << *rfirst << endl; ... rfirst++; } c++ stl reading a binary file into a string std::ifstream in("my.zip",std::ios::binary); if (!in) { std::cout << "problem with file open" << std::endl; return 0; } in.seekg(0,std::ios::end); unsigned long length = in.tellg(); in.seekg(0,std::ios::beg); string str(length,0); std::copy( std::istreambuf_iterator< char >(in) , std::istreambuf_iterator< char >() , str.begin() ); For more, see c++ stl reading a binary file C/C++ best-in-class tool selection I need to have easy setup of debug-level tool support for portable C++11 code. And I need to decide and stick to it to be efficient. Compiler selection linux and mac: gcc windows: Visual Studio IDE selection linux and mac: Qt Creator windows: Qt Creator (OR Visual Studio OR eclipse?) Debugger selection linux and mac: Qt Creator windows: Qt Creator (OR Visual Studio OR eclipse?)

c++11

c++11 include base constructor (etc) in derived class The awesome C++11 way to steal the constructor from the base class, oh man I've been waiting for this one... class HttpsServer : public Server<HTTPS> { // DOES THIS FOR YOU! /* HttpsServer(unsigned short port, size_t num_threads, const std::string& cert_file, const std::string& private_key_file)  : // Call base class Server<HTTPS>::Server(port, num_threads, cert_file, private_key_file) {} */ using Server<HTTPS>::Server; .... c++11 containers sorted_vector use when doing lots of unsorted insertions and maintaining constant sort would be expensive; vector is good for a big pile of things that only occasionally needs a sorted lookup map sorted binary search tree; always sorted by key; you can walk through in sorted order (choose unordered if not needed!) multimap same as map but allows dupe keys (not as common) unordered_map hashmap; always sorted by key; additional bucket required for hash collisions; no defined order when walking through unordered_multimap same as map but allows dupe keys; dupes are obviously in the same bucket, and you can walk just the dupes if needed set multiset unordered_set unordered_multiset sets are just like maps, except the key is embedded in the object, nice for encapsulation. Items must be const (!) since they are the key - sounds bad, but this is mitigated by the mutable keyword. You can use mutable on the variables that are not part of the key to remove the const. This changes the constness of the object from binary (completely const) to logical (constness is defined by the developer). So... set is a good way to achieve both encapsulation and logical const - make const work for you, not against!  :-) set (etc.) of pointers sets of pointers are the pinnacle of object stores The entire object can be dereferenced and accessed then without const issues. A pointer functor can be provided that does a sort by dereferencing the pointer to the object. Two requirements: you must make sure yourself that you do not change the key values - you can mark them const, provided in constructor; you must create sort/equal/hash functors that dereference the pointers to use object contents (the default will be by pointer address). The arguably biggest advantage, as a result, is that you can create multiple sets to reference the same group of objects with different sort funtors to create multiple indices. You just have to manage the keys carefully, so that they don't change (which would invalidate the sorting). The primary container can manage object allocation; using a heap-based unique_ptr allocation map vs key redux use a key in the set, derive a class from it with the contents + small key + encapsulation - requires mutable to solve the const problem use a key in the set, key includes a mutable object + encapsulation - weird bc everything uses a const object but we have const functions like save() that change the mutable subobject use a map + small key - no encapsulation, have to deal with a pair instead of an object can we just put a ref to key in the value? sure why not - err, bc we don't have access to it + solves const problem bc value is totally mutable by design + we can have multiple keys - and the value can have multiple refs to them + simpler equal and hash functions map: create an object with internal key(s) create map index(es) with duplicate key values outside the object - dupe data is the downside use set(s) with one static key for find(): create an object with internal key(s) create set index(es) with specific hash/equals functor(s) when finding, use one static key object (even across indexes!) so there isn't a big construction each time; just set the necessary key values that proves difficult when dealing with member vars that are references but to solve it, just set up a structure of dummy static key objects that use each other; then provide a function to setKey(Object& keyref) { keyref_ = keyref; } nope, can't reassign refs the solution: use pointers not references yes that's right just do it apparently there was a reason i was anti-reference for all those years two reasons to use pointers: dynamically allocated reassignment required there ya go. simple. get it done. when accessing find results from the set, use a const_cast on the object! WARNING: a separate base class with the key sounds good... but fails when you have more than one index on the object. just use a static key object for them all! c++11 example for large groups of objects with frequent crud AND search Best solution is an unordered set of pointers: typedef boost::unordered_set<MajorObject*> MajorObjects; c++11 example for large groups of objects with infrequent crud and frequent search Best solution is a vector of pointers sorted on demand (sorted_vector): TODO c++11 example to associate two complex objects (one the map key, one the map value) Use unordered_map with a custom object as key. You must add hash and equals functions. Boost makes it easy: static bool operator==(MyKeyObject const& m1, MyKeyObject const& m2) { return m1.id_0 == m2.id_0 && m1.id_1 == m2.id_1; } static std::size_t hash_value(MyKeyObject const& mko) { std::size_t seed = 0; boost::hash_combine(seed, mko.id_0); boost::hash_combine(seed, mko.id_1); return seed; } typedef boost::unordered_map<MyKeyObject, MyValueObject*> MyMap; Note that you can extend this to use a pointer to a key object, whoop. c++11 example for multiple unordered_set indexes into one group of objects Objects will be dynamically created. One set should include them all and be responsible for memory allocation cleanup: TODO c++11 example for set with specific sorting Use set with a specific sort functor. You can create as many of these indexes as you want! struct customers_set_sort_functor { bool operator()(const MyObject* l, const MyObject* r) const { // the id is the key return l->id_ < r->id_; } }; typedef set<MyObject*,myobject_sort_by_id_functor> MyObjectsById; c++11 loop through vector to erase some items Note that other containers' iterators may not be invalidated so you can just erase() as needed... For vectors, you have to play with iterators to get it right - watch for proper ++ pre/postfix! for (it = numbers.begin(); it != numbers.end(); ) // NOTE we increment below, only if we don't erase { if (*it.no_good()) { numbers.erase(it++); // NOTE that we ERASE THEN INCREMENT here. } else { ++it; } } I thought I had always looped backwards to do this, I *think* that's ok too, but I don't see it used in my code, I think I'll avoid.  :-) c++11 range based for loop, jacked with boost index if needed No iterator usage at all. Nice at times, not enough at others. Make SURE to always use a reference or you will be working on a COPY. Make it const if you aren't changing the object. for (auto& mc : my_container) mc.setString("default"); for (const auto& cmc : my_container) cout << cmc.asString(); boost index can give you the index if you need it, sweet: #include <boost/range/adaptor/indexed.hpp> ... for (const auto &element: boost::adaptors::index(mah_container)) cout << element.value() << element.index(); c++11 for loop using lambda This C++11 for loop is clean and elegant and a perfect way to check if your compiler is ready for c++11: vector<int> v; for_each( v.begin(), v.end(), [] (int val) { cout << val; } ); This is using a lambda function, we should switch from iterators and functors to those - but not quite yet, since we're writing cross-platform code. Do not touch this until we can be sure that all platforms provide compatible C++11 handling. c++11 integer types I really like the "fast" C++11 types, that give best performance for a guaranteed minimum bit width. Use them when you know a variable will not exceed the maximum value of that bit width, but does not have to be a precise bit width in memory or elsewhere. Pick specific-width fields whenever data is shared with other processes and components and you want a guarantee of its bit width. And when using pointer size and array indices you should use types defined for those specific situations. FAST types: int_fast8_t int_fast16_t fastest signed integer type with width of int_fast32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively int_fast64_t uint_fast8_t uint_fast16_t fastest unsigned integer type with width of uint_fast32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively uint_fast64_t SMALL types: int_least8_t int_least16_t smallest signed integer type with width of int_least32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively int_least64_t uint_least8_t uint_least16_t smallest unsigned integer type with width of uint_least32_t at least 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively uint_least64_t EXACT types: int8_t signed integer type with width of int16_t exactly 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively int32_t with no padding bits and using 2's complement for negative values int64_t (provided only if the implementation directly supports the type) uint8_t unsigned integer type with width of uint16_t exactly 8, 16, 32 and 64 bits respectively uint32_t (provided only if the implementation directly supports the type) uint64_t SPECIFIC-USE types: intptr_t integer type capable of holding a pointer uintptr_t unsigned integer type capable of holding a pointer size_t unsigned integer type capable of holding an array index (same size as uintptr_t) C++11 scoped enumeration C++11 has scoped enumeration, which lets you specify the SPECIFIC VARIABLE TYPE for the enum. Perfect, let's use uint_fast32_t. enum class STRING_PREF_INDEX int_fast32_t: { ... }; Unfortunately, gcc gives me a scary warning, and stuff fails. For some reason, it does not know about the provided type, although it is definitely defined. Revisit this later if you have time. warning: elaborated-type-specifier for a scoped enum must not use the ‘class’ keyword Old skool is still cool: typedef enum { // assert( SP_COUNT == 2 ); SP_FIRST = 0 , SP_SOME_PREF = SP_FIRST , SP_ANOTHA , SP_COUNT } STRING_PREF_INDEX;

boost

boost release and debug build for linux # download latest boost, eg: boost_1_59_0 m@wallee:~/development$ 7z x boost_1_59_0.7z rm boost && ln -s boost_1_59 boost cd boost build_boost_release_and_debug.sh # IMPORTANT: then patch .bashrc as instructed # cmake-###/clean.sh and cmake-###/build.sh are customized to match # (and older eclipse and server/nix/bootstrap.sh) To upgrade a CMake project: cd cmake-###/ ./clean.sh ./build.sh To upgrade an older autotools project: cd nix make distclean # removes nasty .deps folders that link to old boost if you let them make clean # removes .o files etc cd ../build-Release && make distclean && make clean cd ../build-Debug && make distclean && make clean cd .. ./bootstrap force release ./bootstrap force debug boost release and debug build for Windows Open a VS2015 x64 Native Tools Command Prompt. EITHER: for new installs, you have to run bootstrap.bat first, it will build b2; OR: for reruns, remove boost dirs: [bin.v2, stage]. Then build 64-bit: cd "....\boost_1_59_0" b2 toolset=msvc variant=release,debug link=static address-model=64 rem trying to avoid excessive options, assuming I don't need these: threading=multi (old stuff) --toolset=msvc-14.0 address-model=64 --build-type=complete --stagedir=windows_lib\x64 stage Now open VS2013 x86 Native Tools Command Prompt and build 32-bit: cd "C:\Michael's Data\development\sixth_column\boost_1_55_0" bjam --toolset=msvc-12.0 address-model=32 --build-type=complete --stagedir=windows_lib\x86 stage boost regex (very similar to c++11, with LESS BUGS and MORE POWER) boost regex does everything you could need, take your time to get it right regex_search will work hard to find substrings, while regex_match requires your regex to match entire input smatch is a great way to get back a bunch of iterators to the results example: virtual bool url_upgrade_any_old_semver(string& url) { // Perform a regex to update the embedded version if needed. // We have to see if (1) we have a semver and (2) it is not the current semver. // Only then do we take action. boost::regex regex("/([v0-9.]+?)/(.*)"); boost::smatch sm_res; if (boost::regex_match(url,sm_res,regex,boost::match_default)) { string incoming_semver(sm_res[1].first,sm_res[1].second); if (incoming_semver != semanticVersion()) { url = string("/")+semanticVersion()+"/"+string(sm_res[2].first,sm_res[2].second); return true; } } return false; } results: original string: string(sm_res[0].first,sm_res[0].second); first group: string(sm_res[1].first,sm_res[1].second); second group: string(sm_res[2].first,sm_res[2].second); etc.

C++ libraries
Simple-Web-Server C++ https libraries Configure Qt development on Windows + Mac + linux Build the TagLib library with Visual Studio 2013

C/C++ building/linking

gcc makefile pain I went through a LOT of pain to determine that gcc requires libraries to be listed AFTER the source and output parameters set LD_LIBRARY_PATH to point to your libs if they are not in system location Make sure Makefile uses TABS NOT SPACES. it's a FACT OF LIFE. hate it if you want. plenty more things to hate about linux/C as well. gcc install multiple versions in ubuntu (4 and 5 in wily, eg) My code will not compile with gcc 5, the version provided with Ubuntu wily. It gives warnings like this: /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp:547:34: warning: ‘template<class> class std::auto_ptr’ is deprecated [-Wdeprecated-declarations] and outright errors like this: depbase=`echo AtServer.o | sed 's|[^/]*$|.deps/&|;s|\.o$||'`;\ g++ -DPACKAGE_NAME=\"at_server\" -DPACKAGE_TARNAME=\"at_server\" -DPACKAGE_VERSION=\"1.0\" -DPACKAGE_STRING=\"at_server\ 1.0\" -DPACKAGE_BUGREPORT=\"m@abettersoftware.com\" -DPACKAGE_URL=\"\" -DPACKAGE=\"at_server\" -DVERSION=\"1.0\" -I. -I../../src -I/home/m/development/Reusable/c++ -I/home/m/development/Reusable/c++/sqlite -std=c++11 -I/home/m/development/boost_1_59_0 -ggdb3 -O0 -std=c++11 -MT AtServer.o -MD -MP -MF $depbase.Tpo -c -o AtServer.o ../../src/AtServer.cpp &&\ mv -f $depbase.Tpo $depbase.Po In file included from /usr/include/c++/5/bits/stl_algo.h:60:0, from /usr/include/c++/5/algorithm:62, from /usr/include/c++/5/ext/slist:47, from /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/algorithm/string/std/slist_traits.hpp:16, from /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/algorithm/string/std_containers_traits.hpp:23, from /home/m/development/boost_1_59_0/boost/algorithm/string.hpp:18, from /home/m/development/Reusable/c++/utilities.hpp:4, from ../../src/MemoryModel.hpp:11, from ../../src/SqliteLocalModel.hpp:13, from ../../src/AtServer.cpp:70: /usr/include/c++/5/bits/algorithmfwd.h:573:13: error: initializer provided for function noexcept(__and_<is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Tp>, ^ /usr/include/c++/5/bits/algorithmfwd.h:582:13: error: initializer provided for function noexcept(noexcept(swap(*__a, *__b))) You can set up the update-alternatives tool to switch out the symlinks: sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.9 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.9 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-5 20 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-5 BUT that seems BAD to me to switch out the compiler used by the SYSTEM. Instead, we should specify the compiler required by the PROJECT. This is supposed to do it, but it still uses /usr/include/c++/5, which seems wrong, and gives me errors: CC=gcc-4.9

C/C++ debugging

Qt Creator conditional breakpoint To break on line number with string condition: Set the breakpoint on the line as usual: F9 or click in left border In the breakpoints list, rclick Edit Add a condition; to break on a string value, THIS WORKS: ((int)strcmp(strSymbol.c_str(), "GMO")) == 0 BUT THERE IS A PRICE TO PAY. qt/gcc won't continue properly, unless you sset ANOTHER common breakpoint, hit it, and resume from that. It appears gcc continues (we hit the breakpoint after all), but qt does no logging or debugging, bah Qt Creator and linux debug libraries I was able to build lws in debug, install in /usr/local, then I could step right into its code m@case:~/development/causam/git/np/nop-bigress-client-c$ ./build_lws_debug Install the project... -- Install configuration: "DEBUG" -- Installing: /usr/local/lib/pkgconfig/libwebsockets.pc -- Installing: /usr/local/lib/libwebsockets.a -- Up-to-date: /usr/local/include/libwebsockets.h (etc) Signals: At some point I needed to force gdb to pass SIGINT, SIGPIPE... signals to the app instead of gdb, after ssl kept causing Qt to pop a message and break in the debugger. To do so: Qt Creator->Options->Debugger-> [ ] Show a message box when receiving a signal Debugger Helper Customization: handle SIGPIPE pass nostop noprint You should be able to install debug builds of libraries into /usr/local (as mentioned above). Older notes if you can't get that going: To debug into an included library that is not installed system-wide: use Tools->Options->General->Source Paths Map source: /home/m/development/causam/git/nop-bigress-client-c/cmake-debug that's the COMPLETE PATH TO DEBUG EXE target: /home/m/development/causam/git/libwebsockets-master/lib at first i thought this would work: /usr/local/lib but i did a static build so i needed teh actual exe! COOL QT Creator valgrind EASY Valgrind is easy to use. Just find debugger pane top-left dropdown, switch mode from Debugger to Memcheck, and restart debugger. c/c++ gdb debugging (gdb) help break Set breakpoint at specified line or function. Argument may be line number, function name, or "*" and an address. If line number is specified, break at start of code for that line. If function is specified, break at start of code for that function. If an address is specified, break at that exact address. With no arg, uses current execution address of selected stack frame. This is useful for breaking on return to a stack frame. Multiple breakpoints at one place are permitted, and useful if conditional. Do "help breakpoints" for info on other commands dealing with breakpoints. ddd gives you a front end. I need to use it more, compare to other options

C

Library handling in linux gcc library basics (good to know for autotools and CMake too) The gcc -l command line option specifies a specific library NAME. It will add the rest to give you (eg) lib[NAME].a Specify the library search path with the -L option. Things that you as a user install seem to default to /usr/local/lib This will link myprogram with the static library libfoo.a in the folder /home/me/foo/lib. gcc -o myprogram -lfoo -L/home/me/foo/lib myprogram.c Tools to check library dependencies: ldd [executable] objdump -p /path/to/program | grep NEEDED objdump -x [object.so] readelf -d [exe] sudo pldd <PID> sudo pmap <PID> Cross Compiling C - Create a portable command line C project in Visual Studio Visual Studio: File -> New -> project Visual C++ -> Win32 -> Win32 Console Application name: oms_with_emap next -> click OFF precompiled header checkbox (even tho it didn't seem to respect it) you'll get a _tmain(..., TCHAR*...) change it to main(..., char*...) change the project to explicitly say "Not using precompiled header" remove the f'in stdafx.h recompile! should be clean vs will recognize C files and compile accordingly

Javascript

RESTFul http
Verbs get - to make requests that are simple -response may be complex post - to push a form or JSON to the server

css
/* class="first second" */ .first.second {} /* class="first" OR class="second" */ .first, .second {} /* class="first second", or class="second", or class="third second", or class="second third" */ .second {} /* apply to any .child at any depth under .parent */ .parent .child {} /* apply to .child if it is DIRECTLY under .parent */ .parent > .child {}

SQL
Sqlite timestamp-to-readable-date query select quote, timestamp, strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', datetime(timestamp, 'unixepoch')) from StockQuotes as s where s.symbol="TSLA" order by timestamp;

Android

Java

Python

Scala

Go

PHP
php debugging Tail these: tail -f /var/log/apache2/sitelogs/thedigitalage.org/ssl_error_log tail -f /var/log/ampache-tda/ampache.(today).log This leads to too much noise, not needed... emacs /etc/php/apache2-php5.3/php.ini display_errors = On /etc/init.d/apache restart

git

Bash basics but please prefer node or python :-)

misc

SVN repo move across servers use a tool like VisualSVN to stop SVN server copy the repo's entire svn server directory, eg: c:\svn\Software copy it into the new server under a unique name, eg: c:\svn\NewSoftware use a tool like VisualSVN to restart SVN server You should now have the new code, accessible as usual from svn. NOTE from Tom: If you move code around, make sure you tag it, then copy the tag, to preserve history (as opposed to directly moving the folder). Weird but true. SQL Server 2008+ proper upsert using MERGE -- We need an "upsert": if record exists, update it, otherwise insert. -- There are several options to do that. -- Trying to do it correctly means... -- 1) use a lock or transaction to make the upsert atomic -- 2) use the best-available operation to maximize performance -- SQL Server 2008 has MERGE which may be slightly more efficient than -- separate check && (insert||update) steps. And we can do it with -- a single lock instead of a full transaction (which may be better?). -- It's messy to code up though since three blocks of fields must be specified. -- Cest la vie. MERGE [dbo].[FACT_DCSR_RemPeriodMonthlyReport] WITH (HOLDLOCK) AS rpmr USING (SELECT @ID AS ID) AS new_foo ON rpmr.ID = new_foo.ID @last_months_year as DCSRYear, @last_month as DCSRMonth, @last_month_name as MonthName, Device_Type_ID, WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET f.UpdateSpid = @@SPID, UpdateTime = SYSDATETIME() WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN INSERT ( ID, InsertSpid, InsertTime ) VALUES ( new_foo.ID, @@SPID, SYSDATETIME() ); Web Services Firefox Addon development c++ Create a portable autotools C++ project in linux (OLD, USE CMAKE NOW) For anything serious, it's best to clone an existing project's skeleton. main.cpp MVC code nix/copy_from folder make sure .bashrc is configured for boost nix$ bootstrap_autotools_project.sh force release debug set up eclipse according to screenshots in Eclipse c++ Create a portable C++ project in Visual Studio (OLD, USE CMAKE NOW) If you don't have existing code, it's probably best to create a project_name.cpp file with your main() function. int main( int argc, char * argv[] ) { return 0; } Then in Visual Studio... File->New->Project from existing code C++ (then use mostly defaults on this page, once you provide file location and project name) Project file location: <base>\project_name Project name: project_name [x] Add files from these folders Add subs [x] <base>\project_name NEXT Use Visual Studio Console application project No ATL, MFC, CLR NEXT NEXT FINISH Then add Reusable and boost include and lib paths: Example if you built boost according to notes below: Project->Properties->All Configurations->Configuration Properties->VC++ Directories->Include Directories-> $(VC_IncludePath);$(WindowsSDK_IncludePath);..\..\..\Reusable\c++ INCLUDE: C:\Software Development\boost_1_53_0 LIB: C:\Software Development\boost_1_53_0\stage\lib